• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A drive system for a forage harvester (10) comprises an internal combustion engine (36), a mechanical drive train between the internal combustion engine (36) and a chopping drum (26) which has a first section (44, 52, 80) coupled to the internal combustion engine (36). and a second section (106, 82, 84, 88) coupled to the chopping drum (26) which can be mechanically coupled to one another by a separable coupling (78), one with the second section (106, 82, 84, 88) The generator (102), which is drive-coupled to the drive train and which can be electrically connected to a power store (134) by a switching device (126), and a control device (122) connected to an actuator (122) for actuating the clutch (78) and the switching device (126). 94), which is used to carry out a harvesting operation in a first operating mode, in which the clutch (78) is closed and the generator (102) for charging the electricity storage (134) with the electricity storage (134) r and can be operated to grind the chopping drum (26) in a second operating mode, in which the clutch (78) is opened and the generator (102) as a motor for driving the chopping drum (26) is electrically fed from the power storage (134).
    公开号:BE1026409B1
    申请号:E20190053
    申请日:2019-06-13
    公开日:2020-07-28
    发明作者:Christian Brill；Stefan Bohrer；Philipp Lehmann；Moraes Boos Felipe De
    申请人:Deere & Co；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Drive system for a forage harvester Description The invention relates to a drive system for a forage harvester.
    State of the art Self-propelled forage harvesters are used to harvest grass and maize silage as fodder or to generate energy in biogas plants.
    For this purpose, the crop to be harvested is picked up by a header attached to the front, fed to a chopping unit equipped with a chopping drum and shredded by the chopping drum in cooperation with a shearbar and finally fed via an ejection chute to a transport container for removing the harvested crop.
    To shred the harvested crop, the chopping drum is equipped with knives distributed over the circumference, the degree of sharpness of which has a decisive influence on the quality of the cut and thus on the quality of the silage.
    For this reason the knives have to be sharpened at regular intervals.
    Depending on the wear and tear and harvesting conditions, this may be necessary several times a day.
    The grinding is done according to the prior art by a grindstone arranged above the chopping drum, which is pulled across the knives with a chopping drum rotating in normal, during harvesting or in the opposite direction with a reduced speed compared to normal harvesting.
    If necessary, the grinding stone is shifted radially towards the chopping drum, which is then maintained during a single grinding cycle.
    Depending on the condition of the knives, several grinding cycles are necessary.
    In the prior art, the chopping drum is driven during the grinding process by mechanical or hydrostatic transmissions (see, for example, DE 10 2009 003 242 A1), which make it necessary for the forage harvester's internal combustion engine to be operated at least at idle speed during the grinding process. In addition, it has been proposed (DE 20 2011 002 195 U1) to replace the previous mechanical or hydrostatic drives of crop conveying and / or processing elements of a forage harvester, which only require lower drive power, with an electric motor, for which purpose a generator is driven by the internal combustion engine . The larger consumers, such as the chopping drum, are, however, driven mechanically, since sufficiently powerful generators and electric motors have so far been viewed as uneconomical. It is not described how the chopping drum is driven during the grinding process.
    It has also been proposed (see EP 1 563 724 A1) to equip a forage harvester with an electrical generator which can be arranged, for example, inside a chopping drum and which charges a battery in normal harvesting operation. During peak loads, the generator is fed from the battery and is used to increase the drive power otherwise provided by the internal combustion engine. In addition, a pair of pre-press rollers can be equipped with a generator and a battery, which allows the electrical energy generated by the generator of the chopping drum to be used to reverse the pre-press roller pair. Again, it is not described how the chopping drum is driven during the grinding process.
    Task After all of this, it can be seen that the internal combustion engine of previous forage harvesters must be in operation when grinding the chopping drum. Since the grinding process usually takes place before or after the
    Work takes place when the forage harvester has returned to its location, or during work breaks, resulting in noise pollution and fuel consumption that would be unnecessary in themselves.
    The object on which the invention is based is seen in providing a drive system for a forage harvester that is improved compared to the prior art.
    Solution According to the invention, this object is achieved by the teaching of patent claim 1, the further patent claims citing features that further develop the solution in an advantageous manner.
    A drive system for a forage harvester comprises an internal combustion engine and a mechanical drive train between the internal combustion engine and a chopping drum which comprises a first section coupled to the internal combustion engine and a second section coupled to the chopping drum. The first section and the second section can be mechanically coupled to one another by means of a separable coupling. A generator is drivingly coupled to the second section of the drive train. The generator can be electrically connected to a power storage unit by a switching device. A signal-transmitting control device connected to an actuator arranged to actuate the clutch and the switching device can be operated to carry out a harvesting operation in a first operating mode in which the clutch is closed and the generator can be connected to the power storage unit for charging the power storage unit if required. To grind the chopping drum, the control device can be operated in a second operating mode in which the clutch is disengaged and the generator, as a motor for driving the chopping drum, is electrically fed from the power storage unit.
    In other words, in the first operating mode (the harvesting operation) the chopping drum is mechanically driven from the internal combustion engine via the first section of the drive train, the clutch and the second section of the drive train. An electric generator is drive-connected to the second section of the drive train, which in the first operating mode is or can be connected to a power storage device via a switching device controlled by the control device (also commanding an actuator of the clutch) and for charging the power storage device (e.g. accumulator) referred to as a battery) is used as long as the power storage is not yet sufficiently charged. In the second operating mode (when grinding the chopping drum) the control device instructs the clutch actuator to open the clutch so that the chopping drum is mechanically separated from the internal combustion engine. In the second operating mode, the chopping drum is driven by the generator, which is now controlled as a motor by the switching device and which is fed by the power store.
    In this way, there is the possibility of making the internal combustion engine switchable in the second operating mode by an operator and / or automatically by the control device, unless other criteria speak against switching off the internal combustion engine.
    The generator can be controlled by the switching device in such a way that it drives the chopping drum in the second operating mode compared to the first operating mode at a reduced speed and / or in the opposite direction of rotation.
    In the first operating mode, the generator can be connected by the switching device to an electric motor which is used to drive a crop processing and / or conveying device.
    Embodiment
    An exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained with the aid of the figures. The figures show: FIG. 1: a schematic side view of a self-propelled forage harvester, and FIG. 2: a schematic plan view of the drive system of the forage harvester.
    In FIG. 1, a self-propelled forage harvester 10 is shown in a schematic side view. The forage harvester 10 is built on a frame 12 which is supported by front driven wheels 14 and steerable rear wheels 16. The forage harvester 10 is operated from a driver's cab 18, from which a header 20 in the form of a pick-up can be viewed. By means of the header 20 picked up crop, z. B. grass or the like is fed via an intake conveyor 22 with pre-compression rollers, which are arranged within a intake housing 24 on the front of the forage harvester 10, to a chopping drum 26 arranged below the driver's cab 18, which chops it into small pieces and gives it to a conveyor 28 . The material leaves the forage harvester 10 to a transport vehicle traveling alongside via a discharge chute 30 that is rotatable about an approximately vertical axis and whose inclination is adjustable of Figure 1 runs to the right.
    FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the drive arrangement of the forage harvester 10. In the rear area of the forage harvester 10 there is an internal combustion engine 36, in particular in the form of a diesel engine. The crankshaft 40 of the internal combustion engine 36 extends in the forward direction of the forage harvester 10. During operation, the internal combustion engine 36 drives a longitudinal shaft 44 with its crankshaft 40, which is connected to the first bevel gear 48 of an angular gear 52. The
    Longitudinal shaft 44 also drives a pump unit 74 via gear wheels 70, 72 and a second longitudinal shaft 76, which has a hydraulic pump for driving hydraulic motors for driving the harvesting machine, a steering pump and a hydraulic pump for supplying oil to the control of the hydrostatic drive for driving the harvesting machine 10 includes. It would also be conceivable to use one of the gear wheels 70, 72 or a gear wheel (not shown) arranged in between, further permanently driven elements, such as an electrical generator to supply the on-board network of the forage harvester 10 and / or a fan drive for the cooling air supply for the internal combustion engines 36, 38 to drive.
    The second bevel gear 50 of the bevel gear 52 is connected to a transverse shaft 80 which extends through a hollow shaft 106 connected to the belt pulley 82 to the side of the belt pulley 82 facing away from the bevel gear 52 and is connected there to a clutch 78. The output side of the coupling 78 is connected to the hollow shaft 106, which also drives a generator 102 on the side of the belt pulley 82 facing the angular gear 52 via gears 96, 108 and 100. The coupling 78 makes it possible to switch the drive belt 84 and, with it, the chopping drum 26 and the conveyor device 28 on and off.
    The generator 102 is designed as a three-phase generator and is connected via a three-phase line 124 to a switching device 126 which contains a converter. The switching device 126 is also connected via three-phase lines to a first electric motor 112, which drives the feed rollers of the intake conveyor 22 via a gear 114, and to a second electric motor 116 (arranged on board the forage harvester 10 or on the header 20) which mechanically drives the driven elements of the header 20 drives. The switching device 126 also has a direct current connection which is connected via a first direct current bus 128 to a direct voltage converter 130, which in turn is connected via a second direct current bus 132 to a power store 134 in the form of an accumulator. While the second DC bus 132 and the power storage 134 operate with relatively low voltages (e.g. 60 V), the first DC bus 128 can operate with higher voltages (e.g. in the range of a few 100 V). It would also be conceivable for the generator 102 and the motors 112, 116 to be designed as direct current motors. The converter of the switching device 126 would then be designed as a DC voltage converter and the DC voltage converter 130 could optionally be omitted. Instead of or in addition to the electric motors 112, 116, further electric motors for driving other elements of the forage harvester 10 can also be connected to the switching device 126, e.g. for the travel drive or for driving conditioning rollers 38 arranged downstream of the chopping drum 26.
    An electronic control device 94 is connected to a user interface 98, the switching device 126 and an actuator 122 of the clutch and an engine controller 42 of the internal combustion engine 36. It enables at least two operating modes of the forage harvester 10, which can be selected by means of the operator interface 98: (a) A first operating mode which corresponds to the normal harvesting operation. In the first operating mode, the control device 94 instructs the actuator 122 to close the clutch 78. As a result, a first section of the mechanical drive train of the chopping drum 26 (made up of the longitudinal shaft 44, the angular gear 52 and the transverse shaft 80), which lies between the internal combustion engine 36 and the clutch 78, and a second section (made up of the hollow shaft 106, the belt pulley 82, the belt 84, the pulley 88 and the shaft of the chopping drum 26) section of the mechanical drive train of the chopping drum 26, which is located between the coupling 78 and the chopping drum 26, mechanically connected to each other, so that the then - based on an instruction from the control device 94 to the Engine control 42 - running internal combustion engine 36, the chopping drum 26 in the for the
    Drives the direction of rotation required for harvesting operation at a suitable speed. In the first operating mode, the generator 102 supplies | The electric motors 112, 116 with electrical energy via the switching device 126 and, if necessary, it charges the power storage 134 via the direct current buses 128, 132 and the direct voltage converter 130. If the power store 134 is charged to a sufficient degree, the charging process is ended, so that the generator 102 then only needs to drive the electric motors 112, 116 and it no longer takes any torque from the internal combustion engine 36 to charge the power store 134. The speed of the electric motors 112 and / or 116 can be changed by the control device 94 by appropriate activation of the switching device 126, for which purpose the voltage and / or, if applicable, the frequency of the direct or alternating current supplied to the electric motors 112 and / or 116 can be varied by the switching device 126 can. This allows the length of cut of the crop to be varied by adjusting the speed of the electric motor 112 and possibly adapting the feed speed of the harvesting header 20 to the speed of the feed rollers of the intake conveyor 22.
    (b) A second operating mode, which is used for grinding the knives of the chopping drum 26 by a grinding device 120. In the second operating mode, which can be selected with the operator interface 98 or automatically by means of a suitable focus sensor, the control device 94 instructs the actuator 122 to open the clutch 78. The internal combustion engine 36 can now be switched off by the control device 94. The chopping drum 26 is now driven by the generator 102, which is switched as a motor by the switching device 126 controlled by the control device 94 and is supplied with electrical energy by the power store 134. The motors 112, 116 are switched off in the second operating mode. In the second operating mode, the chopping drum 26 preferably rotates in the opposite direction to the first operating mode and at a reduced speed compared to the first operating mode, but different from zero. The supply of elements driven in the second operating mode, e.g. the grinding device 120 can take place through the (battery-supported) on-board network of the forage harvester 10 and / or the power storage device 134.
    In the second operating mode, the control device 94 can automatically cause the engine controller 42 to switch off the internal combustion engine 36, provided that there are no other criteria that require operation of the internal combustion engine 36, such as driving operation of the forage harvester 10 or the operator's desire to maintain air conditioning in the cabin 18 to obtain.
    For this purpose, the control device 94 can in the event that the internal combustion engine 36 is not used for driving or other
    Operations of the forage harvester 10 is required, which can be recognized by appropriate inputs or sensor values, request the operator via the operator interface 98 to input whether the internal combustion engine 36 should be switched off or not and switch it off if necessary.
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1]
    A drive system for a forage harvester (10), comprising: an internal combustion engine (36), a mechanical drive train between the internal combustion engine (36) and a chopping drum (26), the first section (44, 52) coupled to the internal combustion engine (36) , 80) and a second section (106, 82, 84, 88) coupled to the chopping drum (26) which can be mechanically coupled to one another by a separable coupling (78), one to the second section (106, 82, 84 , 88) of the drive train drive-coupled generator (102), which can be electrically connected to a power storage (134) by a switching device (126), and a signal-transmitting one with an actuator (122) for actuating the clutch (78) and the switching device (126) ) connected control device (94), which is used to carry out a harvesting operation in a first operating mode in which the clutch (78) is closed and the generator (102) for charging the power storage (134) with the power storage icher (134) is connectable or connected and can be operated for grinding the chopping drum (26) in a second operating mode, in which the clutch (78) is opened and the generator (102) as a motor for driving the chopping drum (26) is electrically powered from the power storage (134) is fed.
    [2]
    2. Drive system according to claim 1, wherein the internal combustion engine (369 in the second operating mode can be switched off by an operator and / or by the control device (94).
    [3]
    3. Drive system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the generator (102) can be controlled by the switching device (126) in such a way that it drives the chopping drum (26) in the second operating mode compared to the first operating mode at a reduced speed and / or in the opposite direction of rotation.
    [4]
    4. Drive system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the generator (102) in the first operating mode is connected by the switching device (126) to an electric motor (112, 116) which is used to drive a crop processing and / or conveying device (22) .
    [5]
    5. Forage harvester (10) with a drive system according to one of Claims 1 to 4.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    BE1026409A1|2020-01-23|
    DE102018211863A1|2020-01-23|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    WO2006117617A2|2005-04-29|2006-11-09|Prototipo S.P.A. Con Unico Socio|Engine unit with start-stop control for a motor vehicle|
    EP1862061A1|2006-05-29|2007-12-05|CLAAS Selbstfahrende Erntemaschinen GmbH|Agricultural harvester|
    EP2253192A1|2009-05-22|2010-11-24|Deere & Company|Harvester load control system|
    DE102014219205A1|2014-09-23|2016-03-24|Deere & Company|Drive system for a harvester|
    DE102004007837A1|2004-02-17|2005-09-01|Claas Selbstfahrende Erntemaschinen Gmbh|Agricultural working machine|
    DE102009003242B4|2009-05-19|2015-01-08|Deere & Company|Drive system for a harvester|
    DE202011002195U1|2011-02-01|2011-04-07|Deere & Company, Moline|Self-propelled agricultural harvester with an electric motor driven working organ|DE102021114960A1|2020-06-30|2021-12-30|Deere & Company|Harvesting attachment for harvesting stem-like plants with a variable-speed driven mulching device|
    DE102020119291A1|2020-07-22|2022-01-27|Deere & Company|Drive system for a harvesting machine|
    法律状态:
    2020-08-26| FG| Patent granted|Effective date: 20200728 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102018211863.9A|DE102018211863A1|2018-07-17|2018-07-17|Drive system for a forage harvester|
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